Cysts
Cysts are classified as epidermoid, dermoid, and inclusion cysts.
Epidermoid cysts (formerly known as sebaceous cysts) result from blockage of the sebaceous glands and are removed under local anesthesia.
Dermoid cysts are congenital and usually appear around the eyes or along the midline of the forehead. In rare cases, they may extend intracranially, which is why they should be treated by a specialized plastic surgeon.
Inclusion cysts result from trapping of epidermal cells in the subcutaneous tissue following trauma and are also removed under local anesthesia.

Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating that may affect the entire body or specific areas such as the armpits, palms, and soles of the feet.
It is treated either with multiple small injections of botulinum toxin type A (Botox), which temporarily reduce sweating, or surgically through superficial liposuction or excision of the affected area.

Hidradenitis suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa (inverse acne) affects approximately 4% of the population and is an inflammatory disease of the large sweat glands located in the armpits, groin, and perineal region. The exact cause is unknown, but contributing factors include obesity, poor diet, smoking, hormonal influences, poor personal hygiene, and possibly genetic predisposition. In early stages, the condition can be successfully treated with antibiotics, but in advanced stages, the only effective treatment is surgical removal of the affected area followed by reconstruction by a plastic surgeon.

Xanthelasma
Xanthelasma are localized lipid deposits beneath the skin, most commonly appearing on the upper and lower eyelids. In about 50% of cases, they are associated with hyperlipoproteinemia (elevated cholesterol levels). Treatment consists of surgical removal under local anesthesia.

Papillomas (skin tags)
Papillomas are small benign growths that usually appear on the neck, armpits, chest, and groin. They typically develop in middle age, are pedunculated, and skin-colored. The main issue they cause is local irritation. They are treated by excision or cauterization.

Seborrheic keratosis
Seborrheic keratosis is a benign lesion of unknown cause (sun exposure is thought to contribute) that appears as a brown, waxy plaque that looks as though it is “stuck on” the skin. It commonly affects the trunk and face of middle-aged and older individuals and is treated with curettage or surgical removal.

Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma is a severe form of hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands of the nose and is considered the end stage of rosacea. The sebaceous glands enlarge and fill with keratin, causing the characteristic deformity of the nose, which has been incorrectly associated with alcohol consumption. Treatment involves tangential excision of the hypertrophic tissue.

Dermatofibroma
Dermatofibroma is a benign lesion that usually appears on the extremities, particularly on the legs of women, and presents as a firm, skin-colored nodule. It is treated with surgical removal under local anesthesia if it causes discomfort or cosmetic concern.

Neurofibroma
Neurofibroma is a benign tumor originating from nerve tissue. It may appear at any age or as part of neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen disease), mainly on the trunk and limbs. The lesions appear as soft pink or skin-colored nodules and are treated with surgical removal under local anesthesia.

Lipoma
Lipoma is a benign tumor arising from fatty tissue. It can occur at any age, most commonly on the trunk and limbs, and presents as a soft subcutaneous lump. For mainly aesthetic reasons, it is treated with surgical excision under local anesthesia.