Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of male breast tissue. It is a pathological condition most commonly observed during adolescence and represents a developmental abnormality. Although it is not often discussed, gynecomastia is quite common, affecting up to 60% of adolescent boys. It may involve one breast or both. Although various medications and medical conditions have been implicated, in the majority of cases the cause is unknown, and the condition is classified as idiopathic.

Gynecomastia may cause psychological distress in adolescents, affecting body image and self-confidence. In such cases, surgical correction can provide significant improvement.
Diagnosis is relatively straightforward and includes breast ultrasound as well as blood tests to rule out underlying medical conditions.

How is gynecomastia corrected?
Correction of gynecomastia is performed under general anesthesia.
In mild to moderate cases without significant excess skin, liposuction alone may be sufficient to restore a normal chest contour.
In cases with larger breasts and significant excess skin, liposuction is combined with surgical removal of part of the glandular tissue through a small incision along the edge of the areola, and sometimes with removal of excess skin around the nipple.
In rare cases with extreme excess skin and glandular tissue, a more extensive surgical procedure may be required.

What should I expect after surgery?
The procedure lasts approximately 1 to 1.5 hours, and in most cases you can return home the same afternoon. Pain is usually mild, often described as a burning sensation, lasts 2–3 days, and is easily managed with simple pain medication.

After surgery, bruising and swelling are common. To minimize these and to prevent fluid accumulation, wearing a special compression vest for 3–4 weeks is recommended. In some patients with larger breasts who require gland excision, small drains may be placed on each side to prevent hematoma formation. These are usually removed the following day.

When can I return to my activities?
From the first day after surgery, you may move around freely and perform light activities, although household tasks should be avoided for one week. Return to light work is usually possible within 1–2 days. Exercise is typically allowed after 2–3 weeks, and full return to normal activities is expected after about one month.